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Glossary
Glossary of terms: Granular Crop Protection Inputs

Word
Description
A.I. or a.i. (Pesticide)Active ingredient
The label must tell you the percent of active ingredient in a formulated product
Absorption
(Not Adsorption)
The process by which chemicals are taken in; to any part of the plant or body
Accumulation (Pesticide)
Build-up of a chemical due to repeated or chronic exposure
Acetylcholinesterase
Enzyme that converts acetylcholine to choline and acetic acid
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor Cholinesterase inhibitor
A group of compounds mainly Organophosphate (OP) and Carbamate compounds which block enzyme action
Acre (ac)
An Imperial unit of area. Acres X 0.405 = Hectares
Active Ingredient (a.i.)(Pesticide)
The label must tell you the percent of active ingredient in a formulated product
Acute toxicity
The rapid onset of adverse effects from a single exposure. Acute toxicity is not an indicator of chronic effects
Adjuvant
Substance added to a formulated pesticide product, to enhance the physical characteristics of the product
Adsorption
(Not Absorption)
The process by which chemicals are held on the surface usually soil particles
Band (Band width)
Bed
A linear strip through a field having a known width but not continuous with the adjacent band; 'having a gap between bands'
Bed (Bed width)
Band
A linear strip through a field of a known width and generally having more than one row, but not continuous with the adjacent bed; 'having a gap between beds'
Beneficial insect
Insects generally parasitizing other pests thereby controlling them
Biological control Bio-pesticide
Using living organisms to control unwanted organisms; pests & diseases
Bio-pesticide Biological control
Using living organisms to control unwanted organisms; pests & diseases
Block
A planting area generally lacking defined boundaries, hedge ditch fence etc.
Bout (Bout width) Working width Centre to centre (tractor)
A liner strip through a field having a known width continuous with the adjacent bout 'Having no gap between bouts'
Broadcast (Application)
The spreading of granules, dusts or powders over the whole surface area
Carbamate
A group of Pesticides mainly insecticides and Nematicide
Caution
Indicates a mid/moderate hazard when placed on product labelling
Centre to centre (tractor)
Bout (Bout width)
Working width
A linear strip through a field having a known width continuous with the adjacent bout 'Having no gap between bouts'
Cholinesterase
Enzyme of the body necessary for proper nerve function; allowing neural transmission across synapses
Cholinesterase inhibitor Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
A group of compounds mainly Organophosphate (OP) and Carbamate compounds which block enzyme action
Chronic toxicity
Describes effects and on going exposures occurring over a long period of time, either continuously or intermittently
Common name (Pesticides)
Short Names for pesticides. The full names are too long for regular use. Generated or accepted by: ISO - International Organization for Standardization: ANSI - American National Standards Institute: and others
Degradation (Pesticide)
Chemical or biological breakdown of a complex compound into simpler compounds
Dose
The amount of product delivered to a given unit area at one time
Drift
The process of dust or spray getting where you don't want it, usually because of wind or poor application technique.
Drop tube
A device used to deliver crop protection product to a known place 'On the row' or as a 'Side band'
Dust (US)
Powder (UK)
A dry, ready-to-use product consisting of a fine flour size carrier such as particles of clay or pumice, coated, mixed or impregnated with an active ingredient
Ecology
The study of the interrelationships between living organisms and their physical and biological environment
Emetic
Medicine that causes vomiting
Engineering controls
A device that reduces a hazard (e.g. dust) at the source, thus reducing reliance on personal protective equipment PPE
Environment
Ecosystems and their constituent parts, all natural and physical resources; amenity values; the social, economic, aesthetic and cultural conditions and there interactions
Field Paddock (Australia)
A planting area generally with defined boundaries, hedge ditch fence etc.
Fishtail
A device used to spread crop protection product over a known band width
Foot feet (ft) or (')
An Imperial unit of length. Feet x 0.3048 = Metres
Gram or gramme (g)
A metric unit of weight. Gram x 0.03215 = ounces
Granule Micro-granule
A dry, ready-to-use product consisting of coarse sand-like carrier such as particles of clay or pumice, mixed, coated or impregnated with an active ingredient
Harmful (On label text)
Products with this warning, may be capable of causing injury or death through injection, ingestion, inhalation, or absorption
Harvest interval (UK)
Pre harvest interval (US)
This refers to the time between the last application of the product and when it can be harvested and used. 'Often statutory'
Hazard (pesticide)
The potential of a product, to result in an adverse effect on a person or the environment
Hectare (ha)
A unit of area in the metric system. Hectares X 2.471 = acres
Inch (in) or (")
An Imperial unit of length. Inch x 25.4 = millimetre
Incorporate
The action of mixing into the soil
Inert ingredient
(On label text)
A substance in a product that does not add to the effectiveness of the product
Ingestion
When a substance is taken into the body through swallowing
Inhale or Inhalation
Drawing into the lungs by breathing
Insecticide
Insect killer
Irritant
(On label text)
An agent that produces chafing, soreness, or inflammation, especially to the skin and eyes
Kilogram (kg)
A metric unit of weight. Kg x 2.2 = pounds
lb (Pound)
An Imperial unit of weight. Pounds x 0.454 = kilograms
Linear (application)
The spreading of granules, dusts or powders in a defined band or row
Metre or meter (m)
A metric unit of length. Metre x 1.094 = yards, metre x 3.28 = feet, metre x 39.37 = inches
Micro-granule Granule
A dry, ready-to-use product consisting of coarse sand-like carrier such as particles of clay or pumice, mixed, coated or impregnated with an active ingredient
Millimetre or millimeter (mm)
A metric unit of length. Millimetre x 0.0394 = inches
Molluscicide
Snail and slug killer
Musculoskeletal
To do with the muscles and the skeleton
Nematicide
Nematode killer
Non-toxic
(On label text)
A substance that has no adverse physiological effect on living organisms
On the row
Where the crop protection product is applied directly on the planted row
OP Organophosphate
A group of Pesticides mainly insecticides and Nematicide
Oral
Through or by mouth
Organic (On label text)
If a product is naturally occurring its organic and if it is man-made it's not organic, however a proportion of approved inputs are processed in some way. A governing body must be approve, agricultural inputs, claiming to be 'organic', before use.
Organophosphate OP
A group of Pesticides mainly insecticides and Nematicide
Ounce (oz)
An Imperial unit of weight. Ounces x 28.35 = grams
Paddock (Australia) Field
A planting area generally with defined boundaries, hedge, ditch, or fence etc.
Parts per million PPM, or ppm
Usually abbreviated to "PPM or ppm." The unit of measurement describing the number of parts by weight of the chemical, in relation to one million parts by weight of the product.
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Equipment used to protect an individual from hazards found in their working environment. Generally comprising: faceshield, coveralls, boots, protective gloves and mask.
Pest
A pest can be an animal, fungi, insect or plant; any unwanted organism
Pesticide
Chemical or biological agent intended for preventing, destroying or repelling, any pest, or for use as a plant growth regulator, defoliant or desiccant.

Below is a list of pesticides often found in granular form:
Acaricide: mites, ticks
Bio-Pesticide: diverse products, for many uses
Herbicide: weeds
Insecticide: insects
Miticide: mites
Molluscicide: snails, slugs
Nematicide: nematodes
Pound (lb)
An Imperial unit of weight. Pounds x 0.454 = Kilograms
Powder (UK)
Dust (US)
A dry, ready-to-use product consisting of a fine flour size carrier such as particles of clay or pumice, coated, mixed or impregnated with an active ingredient
PPE Personal protective equipment
Equipment used to protect an individual from hazards found in their working environment. Generally comprising: faceshield, coveralls, boots, protective gloves and mask.
PPM, or ppm
Parts per million
An abbreviation for "parts per million." The unit of measurement describing the number of parts by weight of the chemical, in relation to one million parts by weight of the product.
Pre harvest interval (US)
Harvest interval (UK)
This refers to the time between the last application of the product and when it can be harvested and used. 'Often statutory'
Residual
(Usually herbicides)
Generally, applied pre-emergence and remaining in the soil for a considerable amount of time; for example preventing germination
Residue (Pesticide)
The quantity of pesticide, its degradation products and/or its metabolites remaining on or in the soil or crop
Row
The smallest linear planting unit consisting of seeds, tubers, bulbs, plants etcetera
Side band
Where the crop protection product is applied to the side of the planted row
Soil mobility
Movement of a compound through soil from the treated area generally by rain water, groundwater leaching or in gaseous form
Solubility
The amount of a substance that dissolves in a given solvent (e.g. water).
High Solubility: readily dissolves
Low Solubility: does not dissolve very well
Systemic
A product which gets inside the plant or animal and travels within the system
Toxic
(On label text)
A substance that has an adverse physiological effect on living organisms.
Products labelled Toxic are capable of causing injury or death through injection, ingestion, inhalation, or absorption
Tractor centre to centre Bout (Bout width) Working width
A linear strip through a field having a known width, continuous with the adjacent bout 'Having no gap between bouts'
Warning
On a product label, warning indicates a moderate defined hazard.
Working width
Bout (Bout width)
Centre to centre (tractor)
A linear strip through a field having a known width, continuous with the adjacent bout 'Having no gap between bouts'
Yard (yd)
An Imperial unit of length. Yard x 0.9144 = metre